Monday, December 20, 2010
Thursday, December 2, 2010
Dimensions Of A Shower
immigration to Europe - an issue of global justice?
Author: Philipp Seirer
The article was developed from my interdisciplinary dissertation, entitled "Immigration to Europe - a discourse between law and justice." A link to the complete thesis as a pdf file you'll find here .
Author: Philipp Seirer
The article was developed from my interdisciplinary dissertation, entitled "Immigration to Europe - a discourse between law and justice." A link to the complete thesis as a pdf file you'll find here .
Die gemeinschaftsrechtliche Trennung zwischen Asylpolitik und ökonomisch motivierter Zuwanderung kann auch aus gerechtigkeitstheoretischer Perspektive legitimiert werden. Als Anknüpfungspunkt bediene ich mich dabei der von John Rawls begründeten Unterstützungspflicht von wohlhabenden Völkern gegenüber belasteten Gesellschaften.
Die moralisch begründete Konzeption der Gerechtigkeit beschränkte sich bis vor kurzem ausschließlich auf die Mitglieder einer abgegrenzten Gesellschaft. Bis heute begegnet man in der politischen Landschaft lediglich dem allgegenwärtigen Leitgedanken der sozialen Gerechtigkeit. The issue of migration is concerned, however, almost by definition to the crossing of social boundaries, so the question of justice must be made not only in a social context. Rather justice must be addressed in a global context.
One of the most influential philosophers of the 20th Century, John Rawls (1921-2002), provides us with his "law of nations' a theory of global justice, which focuses on the people as active subjects of international relations. In terms of global migration represents Rawls (2002, p. 7), the roots of terrorism explicitly in the foreground, where he sees the global inequalities and the associated poverty in a direct relation to political failure, even if it is to specify other reasons. The solution of this problem he sees as realistic utopia '. This contradictory term, he legitimized the commonly regarded as utopian claims of political philosophy.
the center of his global theory are the acts of the political institutions. Rawls speaks of this by a political justice. His egalitarian-universalist morality to the contrary, he argues for the legitimacy of boundaries of (2002, p. 43). This of course is still said nothing about who should be granted immigration into the EU. He simply points out that a company has within its borders over the right to self-determination.
Member States of the EU have joined forces but also to a wider community and a considerable part of their national government responsibilities, made particular reference to asylum and immigration law, to this higher authority. In addition, Rawls justified in his, across the right of peoples' support for a so-called duty-loaded Companies'. He is not expressly limited to the production of distributive justice in terms of a redistribution of global wealth. Rather, he refers with regard to their performance on the following three principles: (1) A well-ordered society must not necessarily be a prosperous society. (2) There is no universal recipe valid, how can one, burdened society 'help to change their political culture. (3), loaded companies' need to be supported so that they become full members of a well-ordered society of peoples and their own affairs independently can regulate ( Rawls, 2002, p. 132ff).
Although the content of support required by these three principles is only vague, can mEn this scenario. excellent transfer to the political practice. The causes of migration are found mostly in these, burdened societies'. Transferred to the migration problem, this means that the EU and its Member States a duty to support the countries of origin of migrants. Given the fact that most migrants residing in their neighborhood their home countries, this obligation is of course independent of whether they finally come to Europe. This support requirement is MMN. one based on moral principles minimal consensus between the home and host societies of immigrants dar. The recognition of this obligation but finally decides on a political level.
It raises the question of whether the asylum and immigration policy can actually contribute to the fulfillment of this duty of assistance. be made
First has on the international law principle of non-interference, which states that a State did not interfere in the internal affairs of another state. After Goodin (1988, p. 675) it is of crucial importance that it causes no harm other states. The support is loaded companies' terms of international law but not required, from a moral perspective, it is very good. Even if there is no general recipe to change the political culture, burdened societies', then Rawls (2002, p. 136) in any case believes that there is no point hineinzupumpen just money in it. The adverse conditions in the affected countries are no doubt due to historical and economic reasons.
After Pogge (2002, P. 125) has the developed Western world, a moral responsibility to distressed migrants. He bases this responsibility so that global inequality is due to a large extent by the law adopted by the Western industrial nations world order. In this respect, the support is based, aggressive companies' for him on grounds of corrective justice. He also believes that there are more effective tools, when the immigration policy is, in order to fulfill these responsibilities.
Bader (2002, p. 153) accepts the priority of poverty reduction with respect to the refugee hosting prinzipiell zu, er stellt aber auch klar, dass sich diese beiden Projekte keinesfalls gegenseitig ausschließen und plädiert stattdessen für eine „faire Öffnung der Grenzen“. Der Ansicht, wonach Entwicklungshilfe und Migrationspolitik zwei komplementäre Instrumente im Sinne der internationalen Unterstützungspflicht sind, stimme ich zwar zu. Geht es nach Rawls , so steht allerdings das Postulat der ‚Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe’ im Vordergrund. Indem er den Fokus auf die Veränderung der politischen Kultur einer ‚belasteten Gesellschaft‘ legt, stellt er die Wertigkeit wohlgeordneter Verhältnisse über jenen des Wohlstands in der Gesellschaft.
Letztendlich must be chosen normative evaluation framework, a distinction between the refugee and legal immigration needs to be made due to economic motives. Here is a clear parallel to the distinction between the Community legal right to asylum and immigration policies of the EU is seen. For the reception of refugees by that fact alone may not support the principles of duty be used as criteria, because their countries of origin no longer fulfill its protective function. Refugees are considered in the figurative sense therefore stateless.
Goodin (1988, p. 683F) speaks of this by an imperfect responsibility of all States to inform the individual refugee. The duty to refugee hosting meets, with the exception of its home country, thus the community of all states, and not a particular state alone. For waltz (2006, p. 88f), the receiving claims of refugees for each state of nature is absolutely imperative if he is directly confronted with it.
must be made clear at this point that the EU is the internationally recognized refugee definition of the Geneva Convention but has extended to a subsidiary in need of protection, the media often , Economic refugees' designated migrants fall but not below it. Given the global poverty reduction seems this term a moral point to be at least questionable. A starving child in Africa for example, just as no political power protection as a political refugee. Realpolitik can be explained by the restriction on political refugees and subsidiary protection needy among others, the lack of capacity of the EU. An inclusion of economically motivated migration under the refugee definition would undermine not only the self-determination of Member States but also their democratic structures an irresolvable Aufgabe stellen.
Wie sich an der Situation von Flüchtlingen deutlich zeigt, wird die Moral der Mitgliedstaaten der EU in vielen Fällen durch die Unmoral ‚belasteter Gesellschaften‘ vorgegeben. In diesem Zusammenhang stellt sich Walzer (2006, S. 91f) die Frage, warum sich die reichen Länder des Nordens ausschließlich mit jenen Flüchtlingen befassen, die entweder kräftig oder wohlhabend genug sind, um überhaupt erst in die Aufnahmegesellschaft zu gelangen.
Rawls ‘ Unterstützungspflicht kann nach Walzer (2006, S. 91f) die Flüchtlingspolitik der EU modifizieren, aber not reform. One form of the minimal consensus between moral rights and limited absorption capacities realpolitik I believe in the common EU resettlement seen. This program allows Member States to give those refugees who travel to Europe for there application is simply impossible for a new home. It is thus the most needy, especially children and women who are helped. Although so far only ten Member States participate voluntarily in this program and certainly not all refugees can be helped, I see this move by the European Commission is an important step in a more equitable future of European refugee policy.
summary, I agree in principle with Märker (2005, p. 250), which stipulates that the moral obligation of refugee inclusion in the EU is a broad consensus, their actual implementation, however, due to lack of absorption capacity simply does not fully possible. Subsequently, I will deal with me now economically motivated migration.
Following Walzer (2006, p. 106) I am of the opinion that the Member States of the EU in addition to the pursuit of national interests at the same time the moral force of the support obligation subject. The EU Member States have to compete in the global competition for talent and distinction, not least because of demographic developments between intended and unintended immigration. If the immigration policies of the EU, however, are more harmful than good for the countries of origin, I see this as an indirect violation of the first-mentioned international legal principle of non-interference. As Märker notes the active demand coverage holds for (highly) skilled migration, as it has now been found also in the secondary legislation of the EU entrance, always a risk of , Brain-drain 'in countries of origin.
The image of an individualized, mutual-benefit-society 'is indeed not too contemporary, much less can we MMN. But talk of a festumgrenzten world, within which the citizens of the world are in a mutual exchange between them, but are here separated by national boundaries. After Schlothfeldt (2002, p. 102) that is on the individual nation-state based model of cooperation, mutual-benefit-society 'has the sole reason for concern because the potential, poverty, refugees' do not even have the opportunity to an der Kooperation in einer wohlhabenderen Gesellschaft zu beteiligen. Dieses Argument hat im von mir gewählten normativen Bewertungsrahmen aber keine Bestandskraft, weil sich die betroffenen Personen primär in ihrer eigenen Herkunftsgesellschaft an der Kooperation beteiligen können. Dies geht bereits aus dem ersten Leitsatz der Unterstützungspflicht hervor, in dem Rawls im Wohlstand einer Gesellschaft nicht das höchste Gut sieht, sondern die wohlgeordneten politischen Verhältnisse in den Vordergrund rückt. Nach dem zweiten Leitsatz gibt es zwar kein allgemein gültiges Rezept, wie man der Unterstützungspflicht gerecht werden kann, die Einwanderungspolitik zählt mEn. aber zu den geeigneten Mitteln.
Following Rawls the Member States of the EU under the third guiding principle, are obliged to open their borders to economically motivated migration, if this is the region of origin and in terms of political culture. Conceivable in this regard immigration measures in terms of a triple-win 'situation for both the host community and migrants, but also for the society of origin profitable. Such measures, I believe in the EU secondary legislation on the one hand by the Directive 2004/114/EC of studies on third-country nationals und andererseits in der Richtlinie 2005/71/EG über die wissenschaftliche Forschung von Drittstaatsangehörigen zu erkennen.
Hinsichtlich der Richtlinie 2009/50/EG über die Bedingungen zur Ausübung einer hochqualifizierten Beschäftigung für Drittstaatsangehörigen bin ich jedoch skeptisch. Zum einen gibt es zu dieser Richtlinie noch keine mir bekannten Erfahrungswerte und zum anderen sehe ich eine akute Gefahr des ‚brain-drains‘, selbst wenn diesem laut Präambel entschieden entgegengewirkt werden soll. Demgegenüber spricht für diese Richtlinie, dass hochqualifizierte Zuwanderer eher dazu in der Lage sind, Rücküberweisungen in ihre Herkunftsländer implement and thereby contribute to the development of political culture.
The measure, an MMN, triple-win situation '. comes closest, and thus most of the global conception of justice Rawls equivalent, which is leaning against the guest worker concept of circular migration. It remains to be seen whether this approach will ultimately prevail within the EU.
All these legal measures should not detract from the fact that the EU and its Member States follow international standards a very restrictive immigration policy. The assumption that the inclusion of economically motivated migrants is not just seen as a (support) obligations, I want to emphasize a slightly different theory of Schlothfeldt (2002, p. 95) in addition: "If the better-off countries do not do what is within their power; to the [political culture] of serious ill-posed in their home country to significantly improve, they basically have no rights to refuse an immigrant visa petition of the persons concerned "
literature and sources.
Bader, Veit (2002 ): Moral Philosophy and admission of refugees and migrants, in: Märker, Alfredo (Hg.): Was schulden wir Flüchtlingen und Migranten?. Grundlagen einer gerechten Zuwanderungspolitik, Wiesbaden, S. 143-167.
Goodin, Robert E. (1988) : What is So Special about Our Fellow Countrymen? In: Ethics, Jg. 98, H. 4, S. 663-686.
Märker, Alfredo (2005) : Europäische Zuwanderungspolitik und globale Gerechtigkeit. Über die normative Dimension der Vergemeinschaftung zuwanderungspolitischer Maßnahmen in der Europäischen Union, Baden-Baden.
Pogge, Thomas (2002) : Migration und Armut, in: Märker, Alfredo (Hg.): Was schulden We refugees and migrants?. Foundations of a just immigration policy, Wiesbaden, p. 110-126.
Rawls, John (2002) : The right of peoples, Berlin.
Schlothfeldt, Stephan (2002) : Economic migration and global distributive justice, in: Maerker, Alfredo (ed.): What we owe to refugees and migrants?. Foundations of a just immigration policy, Wiesbaden, p. 93-109.
Walzer, Michael (2006) : Spheres of Justice. A plea for pluralism and equality, Frankfurt am Main.
Sunday, November 21, 2010
Can I Order A Remington 870 Mcs?
Homeopathy, Take 1: "What is it about?" [Update]
I wanted to write a long entry about homeopathy because it is a subject that I eigenlich dear to the heart. Perhaps there is some point to even a video.
Each of us knows homeopathic remedies, many of us have already been used and a few even with conventional medicine, they put on a par. What I find is worried, is that it is often based on false assumptions and on a completely wrong understanding of homeopathy. Just ask around once in your environment, what homeopathic remedies are. You will answers such as "natural remedy" or "alternative medicine" to hear. Sooner or later you will be guaranteed one of the Run away and say that homeopathic remedies "not the chemical warfare" and thus would imply that conventional medicine pumped so much chemistry in the patients that they often make more ill than healthy.
Well, what's really behind homeopathy. In principle there are two large golden rules you need to know:
first "Like cures like!"
exactly what means what is produced on a "healthy" patients certain symptoms - strictly according to the dogma of the homeopath - just heal selbige symptoms. This principle, in the literature as "Similia similibus curentur beschrieben, mag auf den ersten, sehr oberflächlichen Blick noch irgendwie einleuchtend klingen. Doch was dieses Prinzip bedeutet, ist vielen überhaupt nicht klar. Stellt euch vor, ihr habt Probleme mit dem Einschlafen. Nach für Nacht wälzt ihr euch stundenlang und bekommt kein Auge zu. Nach einer Woche habt ihr endgültig die Nase voll und ruft euren Arzt an. Seid ihr jetzt bei einem konventionellen Arzt gelandet, dann bekommt ihr vielleicht ein Beruhigungs- oder Schlafmittel verschrieben. Bei einem Homöopathen aber bekommt ihr Koffein! Nächstes Mal, wenn ihr wieder nicht einschlafen könnt hilft vielleicht ein doppelter Espresso oder ein halber Liter Club Mate, vielleicht auch 4 - 5 Dosen Red Bull, zumindest nach homöopathischer Logic. What a "healthy" patient awake makes is to make an awake patient supposedly healthy. This speaks easily, but lacks any common sense.
second The greater the dilution, the more effective the remedy!
homeopaths have the practice to give their money only in very dilute solutions out. And my dear choir, have you any idea of what is discussed here for dilutions. Skilled people are talking about the "potentiation" of the funds. This then goes like this: You
take part active substance - for example, an milligram of caffeine for the sleeping pills - and dilute it in ten Parts of water. Then you shake the solution ten times back and forth ten times to the left and right and ten times up and down, which is homeopathic provision. What comes out at the end of D1 is a solution to the naming to not break. A physicist or a chemist would call this a 1:10 solution. (Do not forget to shake!) Take her now from this solution in turn part and dissolved again in 10 parts of water, you have a D2-solution, that is 1:100. There's still a different scale than the D scale. On the C scale 1:100 homeopathic dilutions are removed. Ie D12 = C6, C2 = D4, etc. But all this is not enough for the homeopath, no! The rule is the more often it passes through this process - the less active substance is so present at all - the more effective will the means.
It is important to know one more thing: you pass the "magical" barrier of a homeopathic solution D23 is one in constant conflict with the Avogardo, this is only one side of chemical molecule in the solution. This means that with a D24 solution only has a chance of 1:10 that in general is still a molecule in the solution. When D25 is the chance of a molecule already at 1:100 and 1:1000 D26 just ridiculous.
The whole thing was in the beginning mainly water and then only water, wird dadurch aber seltsamerweise wirksamer.
So lächerlich das schon für sich ist, wird es erst richtig spaßig, wenn man sich das mal grafisch vor Augen ruft. Hier eine kleine Liste von Potenzierungen und was sie bedeuten:
D 06 -- Ein Tropfen auf das Volumen einer Mülltonne
D 12 -- Ein Tropfen auf 25 olympische Schwimmbecken
D 24 -- Ein Tropfen auf dem Zehnfachen Volumen des Mittelmeeres
D 80 -- Ein Teilchen aufgelöst in allen(!) Teilchen von 100 Universen . (viel Spaß beim Schütteln!)
D 100 -- Eine Lächerlichkeit jenseits von Sinn und Verstand!!
Aber here it sounds for the money-hungry alternative medicine does not occur. Browsed a little bit on the net and you quickly find online shops that you want solutions with a potentiation of D 1500 as a turn on "very effective". I do not think I can draw an adequate comparison. It is not even necessary, so laughable is the theme.
Why homeopathy "works"? Well, homeopathy "works" at all. Everything (prohibiting the term "medicine" here) with homeopathic remedies is reached, the so-called "placebo effect". The mere fact that we take a way that we think of medicine, can trigger an improvement without the funds has contributed to it. Added to this is that homeopaths often take a lot of (well-paid) time for their patients. This extra attention sometimes subconsciously reinforced the placebo effect on patients. What is more, then most of homeopathy is used when the body one way or another with some time to heal itself, a homeopathic treatment to serious matters such as stroke, there is not. So if a patient is better by now, the only "was not any good" and has spent a lot of money for a homeopathic remedy, he will think that the remedy had cured him, even though he has taken only water and his body would have been cured without homeopathy. A large, randomized, double-blind study (the gold standard of scientific tests), homeopathy classifies significantly better than placebo, there is not, on the contrary. A large meta-study (ie, an analysis of many individual studies) found that homeopathic remedies are not significantly better than placebo and certainly can not compare with the standard treatment (E. Ernst, 2002, "A Systematic review of systematic reviews of homeaopathy" see Sources).
tl, dr:
Homeopathy is basically nothing more than a little active substance is diluted so ridiculously strong that most not even a single molecule of active substance in the media is left. In addition, you get straight with homeopathy the active ingredient that causes the same symptoms, to treat you try. Significantly better than placebo, homeopathic preparations shown not to be but can still sell high.
[Update: Now with 100% more references! ]
Sources:
Homeopathy (Wikipedia) & potentiation (Wikipedia)
Two articles on the subject of GWUP: Homeopathy & FAQ homeopathy
A systematic review of systematic reviews of homeopathy (meta-analysis, E. Ernst, 2002)
Homeopathy: The effective promotion of ineffective remedies? (E. Ernst, 2006)
What's the harm? Homeopathy (YouTube user: c0nc0rdance, 2010)
James Randi on "World Homeopathy Awareness Week" (James Randi, 2010) 
I wanted to write a long entry about homeopathy because it is a subject that I eigenlich dear to the heart. Perhaps there is some point to even a video.
Each of us knows homeopathic remedies, many of us have already been used and a few even with conventional medicine, they put on a par. What I find is worried, is that it is often based on false assumptions and on a completely wrong understanding of homeopathy. Just ask around once in your environment, what homeopathic remedies are. You will answers such as "natural remedy" or "alternative medicine" to hear. Sooner or later you will be guaranteed one of the Run away and say that homeopathic remedies "not the chemical warfare" and thus would imply that conventional medicine pumped so much chemistry in the patients that they often make more ill than healthy.
Well, what's really behind homeopathy. In principle there are two large golden rules you need to know:
first "Like cures like!"
exactly what means what is produced on a "healthy" patients certain symptoms - strictly according to the dogma of the homeopath - just heal selbige symptoms. This principle, in the literature as "Similia similibus curentur beschrieben, mag auf den ersten, sehr oberflächlichen Blick noch irgendwie einleuchtend klingen. Doch was dieses Prinzip bedeutet, ist vielen überhaupt nicht klar. Stellt euch vor, ihr habt Probleme mit dem Einschlafen. Nach für Nacht wälzt ihr euch stundenlang und bekommt kein Auge zu. Nach einer Woche habt ihr endgültig die Nase voll und ruft euren Arzt an. Seid ihr jetzt bei einem konventionellen Arzt gelandet, dann bekommt ihr vielleicht ein Beruhigungs- oder Schlafmittel verschrieben. Bei einem Homöopathen aber bekommt ihr Koffein! Nächstes Mal, wenn ihr wieder nicht einschlafen könnt hilft vielleicht ein doppelter Espresso oder ein halber Liter Club Mate, vielleicht auch 4 - 5 Dosen Red Bull, zumindest nach homöopathischer Logic. What a "healthy" patient awake makes is to make an awake patient supposedly healthy. This speaks easily, but lacks any common sense. second The greater the dilution, the more effective the remedy!
homeopaths have the practice to give their money only in very dilute solutions out. And my dear choir, have you any idea of what is discussed here for dilutions. Skilled people are talking about the "potentiation" of the funds. This then goes like this: You
take part active substance - for example, an milligram of caffeine for the sleeping pills - and dilute it in ten Parts of water. Then you shake the solution ten times back and forth ten times to the left and right and ten times up and down, which is homeopathic provision. What comes out at the end of D1 is a solution to the naming to not break. A physicist or a chemist would call this a 1:10 solution. (Do not forget to shake!) Take her now from this solution in turn part and dissolved again in 10 parts of water, you have a D2-solution, that is 1:100. There's still a different scale than the D scale. On the C scale 1:100 homeopathic dilutions are removed. Ie D12 = C6, C2 = D4, etc. But all this is not enough for the homeopath, no! The rule is the more often it passes through this process - the less active substance is so present at all - the more effective will the means.
It is important to know one more thing: you pass the "magical" barrier of a homeopathic solution D23 is one in constant conflict with the Avogardo, this is only one side of chemical molecule in the solution. This means that with a D24 solution only has a chance of 1:10 that in general is still a molecule in the solution. When D25 is the chance of a molecule already at 1:100 and 1:1000 D26 just ridiculous.
The whole thing was in the beginning mainly water and then only water, wird dadurch aber seltsamerweise wirksamer.
So lächerlich das schon für sich ist, wird es erst richtig spaßig, wenn man sich das mal grafisch vor Augen ruft. Hier eine kleine Liste von Potenzierungen und was sie bedeuten:
D 06 -- Ein Tropfen auf das Volumen einer Mülltonne
D 12 -- Ein Tropfen auf 25 olympische Schwimmbecken
D 24 -- Ein Tropfen auf dem Zehnfachen Volumen des Mittelmeeres
D 80 -- Ein Teilchen aufgelöst in allen(!) Teilchen von 100 Universen . (viel Spaß beim Schütteln!)
D 100 -- Eine Lächerlichkeit jenseits von Sinn und Verstand!!
Aber here it sounds for the money-hungry alternative medicine does not occur. Browsed a little bit on the net and you quickly find online shops that you want solutions with a potentiation of D 1500 as a turn on "very effective". I do not think I can draw an adequate comparison. It is not even necessary, so laughable is the theme.
Why homeopathy "works"? Well, homeopathy "works" at all. Everything (prohibiting the term "medicine" here) with homeopathic remedies is reached, the so-called "placebo effect". The mere fact that we take a way that we think of medicine, can trigger an improvement without the funds has contributed to it. Added to this is that homeopaths often take a lot of (well-paid) time for their patients. This extra attention sometimes subconsciously reinforced the placebo effect on patients. What is more, then most of homeopathy is used when the body one way or another with some time to heal itself, a homeopathic treatment to serious matters such as stroke, there is not. So if a patient is better by now, the only "was not any good" and has spent a lot of money for a homeopathic remedy, he will think that the remedy had cured him, even though he has taken only water and his body would have been cured without homeopathy. A large, randomized, double-blind study (the gold standard of scientific tests), homeopathy classifies significantly better than placebo, there is not, on the contrary. A large meta-study (ie, an analysis of many individual studies) found that homeopathic remedies are not significantly better than placebo and certainly can not compare with the standard treatment (E. Ernst, 2002, "A Systematic review of systematic reviews of homeaopathy" see Sources). tl, dr:
Homeopathy is basically nothing more than a little active substance is diluted so ridiculously strong that most not even a single molecule of active substance in the media is left. In addition, you get straight with homeopathy the active ingredient that causes the same symptoms, to treat you try. Significantly better than placebo, homeopathic preparations shown not to be but can still sell high.
[Update: Now with 100% more references! ]
Sources:
Homeopathy (Wikipedia) & potentiation (Wikipedia)
Two articles on the subject of GWUP: Homeopathy & FAQ homeopathy
A systematic review of systematic reviews of homeopathy (meta-analysis, E. Ernst, 2002)
Homeopathy: The effective promotion of ineffective remedies? (E. Ernst, 2006)
What's the harm? Homeopathy (YouTube user: c0nc0rdance, 2010)
James Randi on "World Homeopathy Awareness Week" (James Randi, 2010)
Sunday, September 12, 2010
Rogers Protection Center
INDECT aka "Orwell's Nightmare"
In recent days there have been some messages about IND
ECT. The acronym stands for (deep breath!) "In telligent information system supporting observation, searching and de te ct ion for security of citizens in urban environment ".
Of course we speak in the title and the project only increased security but who reads a few lines later comes quickly to the limits of all that we as Rule of Law and Constitutional know. Here's a monster in the process is to arise, which not only has the possibility but even the task to scan entire populations and to monitor. act
Nominally it is an "intelligent information system to support to monitoring, search and detect safety of citizens in an urban environment. "According to the EU Commission Project at least 11 million euro cost. The main objective of the project seems fully automated pooling of monitoring mechanisms of all stripes from across the European Union to be. These include not only the monitoring of public space by CCTV cameras in pedestrian zones, but also the application of "a large number of microphones, developing its own search engine for permanent and automated monitoring of web sites, videos, forums, Usenet groups, web servers , blogs, email, P2P networks, social networks (Facebook, Flickr, etc.) and of course personal computers, greet Federal Trojans can, to the use of whole squadrons (I shit you not!) Unmanned surveillance drones.
on the official website of some of the project status reports are available publicly for download. After some voices in the blogosphere "made use of these files, some of them disappeared, especially the document D 1.1, a general summary of the project. It seems to clear and concise. The documents appeared elsewhere but then again, among other things, they were leaked to the Pirate Party (see references). A further response to the public outcry on the part of the project was - instead of openness, transparency and education - the establishment of a cynically titled "Ethics Board" what more a public relations office for INDECT is, who decides in the future, what information is disclosed to the public, and what not, so that employees can better concentrate on their work on the project.
In the meantime disappeared
documents (9.4) has drawn even on the truly unfortunate fact that the methods of criminals whom the police are usually one step ahead, as financial police with lower and handicapped by bureaucracy agents must accept as the villains and, unlike their counterparts in law and must respect human rights.
The implication that in diesem Satz mitschwingt, lässt einem einen kalten Schauer den Rücken herunter laufen. Wird hier ein Fuß in die Tür Gesetzt, in Zukunft - natürlich nur bei besonders bösen Terroristen - die Menschenrechte außen vor zu lassen?
Anwendungsgebiete für das inzwischen für den Big-Brother-Award nominierte Projekt sind vielseitig. Denkbar sind Suchanfragen wie "Zeig mir eine Liste aller ..." mit einer beliebigen Verdachtsgruppe als Ziel (Muslime, Gewerkschafter, Personen mit Konten im Ausland, Personen, die Häufig nach Holland fahren (Verdacht auf Drogen) oder Menschen mit ungesundem Lebenswandel, Besucher der Seite XY oder oder oder.) Die Missbrauchsmöglichkeiten für so ein "Wunderwerk der Technology "are endless. The European Data Protection Supervisor has not, of course connected to this project, he was not even informed about it (see this interview ).
is in cities, even with use of the" intelligent "evaluation of camera and microphone data suspicious behavior be tracked and analyzed. It is also used by "profiling". That is, a few dozen police officers were questioned as classically because of me looks like a shoplifter, and the people that apply to this description may be monitored more closely. The resulting potential offenders would then identified, filtered, scanned, reviewed and are arrested in doubt. Under "suspicious behavior" includes, for example, these activities:
- race, run, in the wrong direction move
- Driving too fast, wrong
- groups of more than X people
- Luggage forget
- For too long at the station or airport sit
- lounging around, shouting, swearing
With this project, of course, created entirely new categories in terms of "holistic" surveillance of people. He knew of this research project, would George Orwell - author of "1984" - turn in his grave. The rule of law concepts such as "presumption of innocence" or "court-proof evidence" of this project are completely pushed aside. In its place comes the mother of all data leeches comb through with their sacred mission in the name of law and order to Europe after all troublemakers. In the sense of freedom and democracy as a project is unthinkable. Indect must be stopped.
Finally, a quote:
The EU research with millions on a software monitoring program called INDECT, dass mit vollautomatischer Analyse vom Daten aus dem Internet und der Überwachunginfrastruktur die Sicherheit erhöhen soll. Dinge wie Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Unschuldsvermutung lösen sich schnell in Rauch auf.
Quellen:
Infoseite bei der Piratenpartei über INDECT
AG Indect bei der Piratenpartei
Dokumente zu INDECT, die der Piratenpartei zugespielt wurden
Offizielle Website des INDECT-Projektes
Offizielle Projektbeschreibung der EU-Kommission 
In recent days there have been some messages about IND
ECT. The acronym stands for (deep breath!) "In telligent information system supporting observation, searching and de te ct ion for security of citizens in urban environment ". Of course we speak in the title and the project only increased security but who reads a few lines later comes quickly to the limits of all that we as Rule of Law and Constitutional know. Here's a monster in the process is to arise, which not only has the possibility but even the task to scan entire populations and to monitor. act
Nominally it is an "intelligent information system to support to monitoring, search and detect safety of citizens in an urban environment. "According to the EU Commission Project at least 11 million euro cost. The main objective of the project seems fully automated pooling of monitoring mechanisms of all stripes from across the European Union to be. These include not only the monitoring of public space by CCTV cameras in pedestrian zones, but also the application of "a large number of microphones, developing its own search engine for permanent and automated monitoring of web sites, videos, forums, Usenet groups, web servers , blogs, email, P2P networks, social networks (Facebook, Flickr, etc.) and of course personal computers, greet Federal Trojans can, to the use of whole squadrons (I shit you not!) Unmanned surveillance drones.
on the official website of some of the project status reports are available publicly for download. After some voices in the blogosphere "made use of these files, some of them disappeared, especially the document D 1.1, a general summary of the project. It seems to clear and concise. The documents appeared elsewhere but then again, among other things, they were leaked to the Pirate Party (see references). A further response to the public outcry on the part of the project was - instead of openness, transparency and education - the establishment of a cynically titled "Ethics Board" what more a public relations office for INDECT is, who decides in the future, what information is disclosed to the public, and what not, so that employees can better concentrate on their work on the project.
In the meantime disappeared
documents (9.4) has drawn even on the truly unfortunate fact that the methods of criminals whom the police are usually one step ahead, as financial police with lower and handicapped by bureaucracy agents must accept as the villains and, unlike their counterparts in law and must respect human rights. The implication that in diesem Satz mitschwingt, lässt einem einen kalten Schauer den Rücken herunter laufen. Wird hier ein Fuß in die Tür Gesetzt, in Zukunft - natürlich nur bei besonders bösen Terroristen - die Menschenrechte außen vor zu lassen?
Anwendungsgebiete für das inzwischen für den Big-Brother-Award nominierte Projekt sind vielseitig. Denkbar sind Suchanfragen wie "Zeig mir eine Liste aller ..." mit einer beliebigen Verdachtsgruppe als Ziel (Muslime, Gewerkschafter, Personen mit Konten im Ausland, Personen, die Häufig nach Holland fahren (Verdacht auf Drogen) oder Menschen mit ungesundem Lebenswandel, Besucher der Seite XY oder oder oder.) Die Missbrauchsmöglichkeiten für so ein "Wunderwerk der Technology "are endless. The European Data Protection Supervisor has not, of course connected to this project, he was not even informed about it (see this interview ).
is in cities, even with use of the" intelligent "evaluation of camera and microphone data suspicious behavior be tracked and analyzed. It is also used by "profiling". That is, a few dozen police officers were questioned as classically because of me looks like a shoplifter, and the people that apply to this description may be monitored more closely. The resulting potential offenders would then identified, filtered, scanned, reviewed and are arrested in doubt. Under "suspicious behavior" includes, for example, these activities:
- race, run, in the wrong direction move - Driving too fast, wrong
- groups of more than X people
- Luggage forget
- For too long at the station or airport sit
- lounging around, shouting, swearing
With this project, of course, created entirely new categories in terms of "holistic" surveillance of people. He knew of this research project, would George Orwell - author of "1984" - turn in his grave. The rule of law concepts such as "presumption of innocence" or "court-proof evidence" of this project are completely pushed aside. In its place comes the mother of all data leeches comb through with their sacred mission in the name of law and order to Europe after all troublemakers. In the sense of freedom and democracy as a project is unthinkable. Indect must be stopped.
Finally, a quote:
abandon the willing, their liberties for more security deserve neither liberty nor safety.tl, dr:
(Benjamin Franklin)
The EU research with millions on a software monitoring program called INDECT, dass mit vollautomatischer Analyse vom Daten aus dem Internet und der Überwachunginfrastruktur die Sicherheit erhöhen soll. Dinge wie Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Unschuldsvermutung lösen sich schnell in Rauch auf.
Quellen:
Infoseite bei der Piratenpartei über INDECT
AG Indect bei der Piratenpartei
Dokumente zu INDECT, die der Piratenpartei zugespielt wurden
Offizielle Website des INDECT-Projektes
Offizielle Projektbeschreibung der EU-Kommission
Wednesday, September 8, 2010
Clumps Of Lotion Like Mucus
Two Mosaikstückchen to Thilo Sarrazin
Heutzutage kann man sich ja nirgendwo mehr blicken lassen, ohne eine eigene Meinung zu dem Troll Nummer Eins dieser Tage have to: Thilo Sarrazin
front: I have not read the book and I have no plans to read it. Therefore, I do have no great opinion of the book. I know two important small ideas that come into the whole debate is often too short. You can therefore see this post as my personal footnote to the current debate:
first Islam is to blame anyway!
I've heard, Sarrazin leads back many integration problems on the Islamic religion. I am amazed that it then Iranian immigrants have very little to no integration problems. Most speak excellent German well and many even have a German Abitur. Could it be that mainly intellectuals from Iran, came to Germany and from Turkey? After all, we have
paid at that time the guest workers (where the word already makes clear that it will not start on time are welcome.) Premiums yet, because we cheap, uneducated workers wanted in the country. They had to speak German or not well integrated especially that was not politically desirable. And that's why you've built up, no possibility of integration. The message to the immigrants was clear: You are not one of us, you should not do so, but you can be happy for us to do the dirty work.
Sunday and now that they are there, and have the audacity not disappear immediately after work again, is stirring the world to know that the "Stay here" have not built perfectly. I am surprised that people wonder about it. And that children learn the meaning of the word "integration" of course first of its parents, is surely clear.
is therefore clear that no hasty "Foreigners Out!" or the introduction of a German "Green Card" can be a quick solution. It must once again the stony way to go, through openness, tolerance, dialogue and the creation of good infrastructure for the integration of education and encounter.
2. 82 % der Muslime tun dies, 38 % das Gegenteil
Im Magazin der Süddeutschen Zeitung hat Sarrazin in einem Interview (siehe Quellenabteilung) zugegeben, dass er für einige seiner Behauptungen keine Quellen habe und es solche auch nicht geben würde. Mit anderen Worten: Er hat sie erfunden.
Eine Dreistigkeit an sich. Wer in einem Buch von 70 % jener un
d 90 % jener Minderheit Sachen behauptet, impliziert eine Grundlage für seine Behauptungen. Eventuell eine Studie des statistischen Bundesamtes oder dergleichen. In dem Lichte, dass Sarrazin aber einfach nur "in die richtige Richtung deuten" wollte, müssen wir uns meiner Meinung nach eine Frage stellen:
How seriously can we take someone who claims to be interested in a serious discussion, and then for his own views simply invents statistics, rather than to stick to the facts?
I believe does not mean that the media vortex Sarrazin held solely in order to earn a fortune on his book. Money he can spend more than he and I admire him not to be so greedy, as he sat just more money to get this going would be trouble. But of course I can be so wrong.
I also consider it to Sarrazin like any other troll: not merely feed!
tl, dr:
In my opinion you can take Sarrazin, at best, only half serious when he admits to invent statistics and to sell them as facts to be in his book, even giving law. In addition, no quick slogans help to solve the (real) problem of integration, which is generally arose only because we have failed to operate long before true integration. Key words here are education, tolerance and dialogue.
Sources:
"Sarrazin builds up his stats for yourself!" via placebo alarm
The relevant passage from the Süddeutsche Zeitung
"What is it to Sarrazin's theses?" via Tagesschau.de
article on trolls via Wikipedia 
Heutzutage kann man sich ja nirgendwo mehr blicken lassen, ohne eine eigene Meinung zu dem Troll Nummer Eins dieser Tage have to: Thilo Sarrazin
front: I have not read the book and I have no plans to read it. Therefore, I do have no great opinion of the book. I know two important small ideas that come into the whole debate is often too short. You can therefore see this post as my personal footnote to the current debate:
first Islam is to blame anyway! I've heard, Sarrazin leads back many integration problems on the Islamic religion. I am amazed that it then Iranian immigrants have very little to no integration problems. Most speak excellent German well and many even have a German Abitur. Could it be that mainly intellectuals from Iran, came to Germany and from Turkey? After all, we have
paid at that time the guest workers (where the word already makes clear that it will not start on time are welcome.) Premiums yet, because we cheap, uneducated workers wanted in the country. They had to speak German or not well integrated especially that was not politically desirable. And that's why you've built up, no possibility of integration. The message to the immigrants was clear: You are not one of us, you should not do so, but you can be happy for us to do the dirty work.
Sunday and now that they are there, and have the audacity not disappear immediately after work again, is stirring the world to know that the "Stay here" have not built perfectly. I am surprised that people wonder about it. And that children learn the meaning of the word "integration" of course first of its parents, is surely clear.
is therefore clear that no hasty "Foreigners Out!" or the introduction of a German "Green Card" can be a quick solution. It must once again the stony way to go, through openness, tolerance, dialogue and the creation of good infrastructure for the integration of education and encounter.
2. 82 % der Muslime tun dies, 38 % das Gegenteil
Im Magazin der Süddeutschen Zeitung hat Sarrazin in einem Interview (siehe Quellenabteilung) zugegeben, dass er für einige seiner Behauptungen keine Quellen habe und es solche auch nicht geben würde. Mit anderen Worten: Er hat sie erfunden.
Eine Dreistigkeit an sich. Wer in einem Buch von 70 % jener un
d 90 % jener Minderheit Sachen behauptet, impliziert eine Grundlage für seine Behauptungen. Eventuell eine Studie des statistischen Bundesamtes oder dergleichen. In dem Lichte, dass Sarrazin aber einfach nur "in die richtige Richtung deuten" wollte, müssen wir uns meiner Meinung nach eine Frage stellen: How seriously can we take someone who claims to be interested in a serious discussion, and then for his own views simply invents statistics, rather than to stick to the facts?
I believe does not mean that the media vortex Sarrazin held solely in order to earn a fortune on his book. Money he can spend more than he and I admire him not to be so greedy, as he sat just more money to get this going would be trouble. But of course I can be so wrong.
I also consider it to Sarrazin like any other troll: not merely feed!
tl, dr:
In my opinion you can take Sarrazin, at best, only half serious when he admits to invent statistics and to sell them as facts to be in his book, even giving law. In addition, no quick slogans help to solve the (real) problem of integration, which is generally arose only because we have failed to operate long before true integration. Key words here are education, tolerance and dialogue.
Sources:
"Sarrazin builds up his stats for yourself!" via placebo alarm
The relevant passage from the Süddeutsche Zeitung
"What is it to Sarrazin's theses?" via Tagesschau.de
article on trolls via Wikipedia
Tuesday, August 31, 2010
Do Breast Cysts Diabetes
The mosque at Ground Zero
In recent days, the debate about the so-called Ground Zero mosque in America is spilled over to us, so that even the nightly news reported on it. This one should actually both 'Ground Zero' set and 'mosque' in quotation marks. The image that comes when you hear these words is in fact completely wrong. One thinks instinctively of a giant building entirely made of white stone mosques with domes and minarets directly across the street from the place where the twin towers on 11.09.2001 the World Trade Center collapsed and today is one big construction site yet. Anyone who has a vivid imagination thinking, maybe even a few women in black burkas or men with turbans, which mingle with the New Yorker.
An image in the mind's eye is of course great to wake up the American religious right and proper to make angry, even though nothing of it corresponds to reality. And so it happens. Day after day demonstrate again angered conservatives, like incited by Sarah Palin, Glenn Beck, Bill O'Reilly or some other tea party icon and complain that
first It is not a mosque!
In Wirklichkeit geht es vielmehr um ein islamisches Gemeinschaftscenter. Es wird natürlich auch kein Gebäude aus weißem Sandstein dort entstehen. Die Initiative hat ein altes, leicht heruntergekommenes Hochhaus für einen Spottpreis aufgekauft, dass seit 2001 leer steht. Dieses Hochhaus soll renoviert werden und unter anderem eine Gemeinschaftsküche, ein Schwimmbad und einen Basketballplatz bekommen. Die einzige Verbindung zu einer echten Moschee besteht in den Gebetsräumen, die die obersten zwei Stockwerke einnehmen sollen.
2. Es geht nicht um Ground Zero!
Auch soll das Gemeinschaftscenter nicht direkt bei oder gar auf Ground Zero entstehen, sondern good for two to three blocks away, so easily 500 meters. From Ground Zero from the Center can not see. This does not disturb the conservative protesters. They consider it GBar for Ultra method we created
that so close to Ground Zero created anything, could this have to do with Islam. Since 1970 and before the opening of the World Trade Center, there are four blocks from Ground Zero another Islamic Community Center. In contrast, no one protested at that time and therefore it seems to be no problems today. Also, it seems, the divine warrior in defense of good old values \u200b\u200bas not to disturb that three blocks from Ground Zero is flourishing a strip club. And the only shows how little this objective Debate is all about. It is only right incitement, intolerance and xenophobia on the one hand and advocacy of simple justice and common sense on the other.
Especially the Americans with their really wonderful constitution should really know yet how important freedom (including and especially religious freedom) in a healthy company. But as is unfortunately so often freedom, tolerance and solidarity be immediately thrown overboard, when the Conservatives once something does not fit into that stuff.
also Obama has spoken on this topic. In a Ramadan dinner at the White House - which by the way seit den Zeiten von Thomas Jefferson regelmäßig dort abgehalten wird - betonte er, ohne seine eigene Meinung zu dem Projekt zu äußern, dass die Initiatoren dennoch selbstverständlich jedes Recht hätten, ihr Gemeinschaftscenter zu bauen. Sie verletzten niemandes Freiheit damit, wenn sie ihr eigenes Geld nehmen, sich ein Hochhaus kaufen, dass offensichtlich schon lange niemand mehr haben wollte, und es dann mit ihrem eigenen Geld nach ihren eigenen Vorstellungen renovieren und später nutzen.
Der konservative Fernsehsender Fox News und seine Anhängsel haben ihm natürlich wie gewohnt sofort das Wort im Munde gedreht und behauptet, Obama hätte sich für die "Moschee" ausgesprochen. Als Obama dann am nächsten Tag darauf hinwies, er hätte nur auf die Freiheit derjenigen verwiesen, die das Center bauen wollen, wurde diese Äußerung wiederum als Meinungsänderung unter öffentlichem Druck dargestellt, um Obama Unsicherheit unterstellen zu können. Sogar unsere Tagesschau berichtete in diesem Ton von der Debatte. Die ganze Rede Obamas ist in den Quellen verlinkt, macht euch am Besten selbst ein Bild.
Das beste Argument der religiös/recht
en Demonstranten ist jedoch das, was auf dem Bild rechts gezeigt wird. Weil die islamischen Diktaturen im Osten keine Kirchen oder Synagogen erlauben, wäre es ja nur logisch, dass Amerika keine Moscheen erlauben würde.
Dass Amerika inzwischen auf seine eigene, hard-won constitutional whistles and dear to the moral notions of theocratic dictatorships and monarchies oriented, oppress women and dissidents executed and they had declared a few years ago the "axis of evil", actually a pretty big headline should have been. ;)
That you understand me wrong! I am against the construction of a mosque in Manhattan! I am also against the construction of a synagogue in Berlin or Paris in a church or a temple in Rio de Janeiro. I think for such nonsense should any money be spent. But if there are people who want to use their own money for it, is her right and no one to stop them. But as Voltaire said?
tl, dr:
It is not a mosque, it is a community center. From Ground Zero, one can not even see it. For 40 years, there are only two blocks away, another center that apparently no one bothers. All unmasked the debate rather than mixed religious agitation with hot air. Whoever wants to spend his money to set up this Center has every right to do what most Americans in the "Land of Freedom" is actually best should know.
SOURCES:
Google Maps link to the planned location
English Wikipedia article about the project
Obama's speech at Ramadan Dinner (Iftar) 
In recent days, the debate about the so-called Ground Zero mosque in America is spilled over to us, so that even the nightly news reported on it. This one should actually both 'Ground Zero' set and 'mosque' in quotation marks. The image that comes when you hear these words is in fact completely wrong. One thinks instinctively of a giant building entirely made of white stone mosques with domes and minarets directly across the street from the place where the twin towers on 11.09.2001 the World Trade Center collapsed and today is one big construction site yet. Anyone who has a vivid imagination thinking, maybe even a few women in black burkas or men with turbans, which mingle with the New Yorker.
An image in the mind's eye is of course great to wake up the American religious right and proper to make angry, even though nothing of it corresponds to reality. And so it happens. Day after day demonstrate again angered conservatives, like incited by Sarah Palin, Glenn Beck, Bill O'Reilly or some other tea party icon and complain that
first It is not a mosque!
In Wirklichkeit geht es vielmehr um ein islamisches Gemeinschaftscenter. Es wird natürlich auch kein Gebäude aus weißem Sandstein dort entstehen. Die Initiative hat ein altes, leicht heruntergekommenes Hochhaus für einen Spottpreis aufgekauft, dass seit 2001 leer steht. Dieses Hochhaus soll renoviert werden und unter anderem eine Gemeinschaftsküche, ein Schwimmbad und einen Basketballplatz bekommen. Die einzige Verbindung zu einer echten Moschee besteht in den Gebetsräumen, die die obersten zwei Stockwerke einnehmen sollen.
2. Es geht nicht um Ground Zero!
Auch soll das Gemeinschaftscenter nicht direkt bei oder gar auf Ground Zero entstehen, sondern good for two to three blocks away, so easily 500 meters. From Ground Zero from the Center can not see. This does not disturb the conservative protesters. They consider it GBar for Ultra method we created
that so close to Ground Zero created anything, could this have to do with Islam. Since 1970 and before the opening of the World Trade Center, there are four blocks from Ground Zero another Islamic Community Center. In contrast, no one protested at that time and therefore it seems to be no problems today. Also, it seems, the divine warrior in defense of good old values \u200b\u200bas not to disturb that three blocks from Ground Zero is flourishing a strip club. And the only shows how little this objective Debate is all about. It is only right incitement, intolerance and xenophobia on the one hand and advocacy of simple justice and common sense on the other. Especially the Americans with their really wonderful constitution should really know yet how important freedom (including and especially religious freedom) in a healthy company. But as is unfortunately so often freedom, tolerance and solidarity be immediately thrown overboard, when the Conservatives once something does not fit into that stuff.
also Obama has spoken on this topic. In a Ramadan dinner at the White House - which by the way seit den Zeiten von Thomas Jefferson regelmäßig dort abgehalten wird - betonte er, ohne seine eigene Meinung zu dem Projekt zu äußern, dass die Initiatoren dennoch selbstverständlich jedes Recht hätten, ihr Gemeinschaftscenter zu bauen. Sie verletzten niemandes Freiheit damit, wenn sie ihr eigenes Geld nehmen, sich ein Hochhaus kaufen, dass offensichtlich schon lange niemand mehr haben wollte, und es dann mit ihrem eigenen Geld nach ihren eigenen Vorstellungen renovieren und später nutzen.
Der konservative Fernsehsender Fox News und seine Anhängsel haben ihm natürlich wie gewohnt sofort das Wort im Munde gedreht und behauptet, Obama hätte sich für die "Moschee" ausgesprochen. Als Obama dann am nächsten Tag darauf hinwies, er hätte nur auf die Freiheit derjenigen verwiesen, die das Center bauen wollen, wurde diese Äußerung wiederum als Meinungsänderung unter öffentlichem Druck dargestellt, um Obama Unsicherheit unterstellen zu können. Sogar unsere Tagesschau berichtete in diesem Ton von der Debatte. Die ganze Rede Obamas ist in den Quellen verlinkt, macht euch am Besten selbst ein Bild.
Das beste Argument der religiös/recht
en Demonstranten ist jedoch das, was auf dem Bild rechts gezeigt wird. Weil die islamischen Diktaturen im Osten keine Kirchen oder Synagogen erlauben, wäre es ja nur logisch, dass Amerika keine Moscheen erlauben würde. Dass Amerika inzwischen auf seine eigene, hard-won constitutional whistles and dear to the moral notions of theocratic dictatorships and monarchies oriented, oppress women and dissidents executed and they had declared a few years ago the "axis of evil", actually a pretty big headline should have been. ;)
That you understand me wrong! I am against the construction of a mosque in Manhattan! I am also against the construction of a synagogue in Berlin or Paris in a church or a temple in Rio de Janeiro. I think for such nonsense should any money be spent. But if there are people who want to use their own money for it, is her right and no one to stop them. But as Voltaire said?
I like to share your opinion, but I would give my life for your right to say it!
tl, dr:
It is not a mosque, it is a community center. From Ground Zero, one can not even see it. For 40 years, there are only two blocks away, another center that apparently no one bothers. All unmasked the debate rather than mixed religious agitation with hot air. Whoever wants to spend his money to set up this Center has every right to do what most Americans in the "Land of Freedom" is actually best should know.
SOURCES:
Google Maps link to the planned location
English Wikipedia article about the project
Obama's speech at Ramadan Dinner (Iftar)
Tuesday, June 15, 2010
Can You Recap A Beer Bottle With A Used Cap
101 quotes about atheism
Famous atheist bloggers ( link) has written some time ago to a now very famous article in which he has made 101 websites around the disbelief together. The original article can be found here .
me the review has so impressed that I decided to translate the quotations. Here is the result:
Famous atheist bloggers ( link) has written some time ago to a now very famous article in which he has made 101 websites around the disbelief together. The original article can be found here .
me the review has so impressed that I decided to translate the quotations. Here is the result:
first The fact that a believer is happier than a skeptic is comparable to the fact that a drunken man is happier than a sober. The happiness of credulity is a cheap and dangerous goods. - George Bernard Shaw
second Faith means to know the truth do not want. - Friedrich Nietzsche
third I believe in God, I only spell it nature. - Frank Lloyd Wright
4th We must question the logic of an omniscient, omnipotent God who creates the wrong people and then blames them for their misbehavior. - Gene Roddenberry
5th The ignorance and to give them was to call it God has always been precocious, and it remains so today. - Isaac Asimov
6th A man is taken up for his faith in a church and for his knowledge thrown out again. - Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain)
7th Religion is the common people as true, by the wise as false, and by the rulers felt to be useful. - Seneca the Younger
8th The philosophy consists of questions to be answered, perhaps never. Religion consists of answers that may never be questioned. - Anonymous
9th Not only is there no God, try to mal am Wochenende einen Klempner zu kriegen! – Woody Allen
10. Wenn ich kein Atheist wäre, würde ich an einen Gott glauben, der die Entscheidung, wen er retten soll und wen nicht, auf der Basis der Gesamtheit des Lebens eines Menschen trifft, nicht auf der Basis des Musters ihrer Worte. Ich denke, er würde einen ehrlichen und rechtschaffenen Atheisten einem Fernsehprediger bevorzugen, der nur von Gott, Gott, Gott redet und dessen Taten alle schlecht, schlecht, schlecht sind. – Isaac Asimov
11. Glaube an das Übernatürliche zeugt von einem Versagen der Vorstellungskraft. – Edward Abbey
12. Mit oder ohne Religion würden gute Menschen Gutes und schlechte Menschen Schlechtes tun. Aber damit gute Menschen Schlechtes tun, dafür braucht es die Religion. – Steven Weinberg
13. Ich denke immer noch, dass ein Kirchturm mit Blitzableiter ein gewisses Vertrauen vermissen lässt. – Doug McLeod
14. Es gibt genau zwei Sorten von Menschen: Intelligente Menschen ohne Religion und religiöse Menschen ohne Intelligenz. – Abu'L-Ala-Al-Ma'Arri
15. Wo doch die Bibel und die Kirche so offensichtlich falsch liegen, was die Frage betrifft, woher wir kommen, warum sollten wir ihnen bei der Frage, wohin wir gehen, trauen? – Anonym
16. I hege Misstrauen gegenüber Menschen die genau wissen, was Gott will, weil I have noticed is that it always coincides with their own interests. - Susan B. Anthony
17th The invisible and the non-existent look very similar. - Delos B. McKown
18th Two hands working can do more than thousands of folded in prayer. - Anonymous
19th Atheism gives people of sense, to philosophy, to piety, to laws, to reputation, which could be all of the policies of outward moral virtue, even if religion would disappear. But religious faith but rejected all of these and established an absolute monarchy in their midst. - Francis Bacon
20th The God of the Old Testament is arguably the most unpleasant character of the entire seal: jealous and proud to be a petty, unjust, unforgiving control-freak, a vindictive, bloodthirsty ethnic cleanser, a misogynistic, homophobic, racist children and perpetrators of genocide, a pestilential, megalomaniacal, sadistic, capricious, vicious tyrant. - Richard Dawkins
21st A God who would continue to screw around in the universe is absurd, one God, the impact on human freedom and creativity would take would be a tyrant. Is God in your own world view, as an ego that is connected with a thought is as a cause separate from its effect, he is a creature and not the essence of being itself a powerful, all-knowing tyrant is not so different from earthly dictators who all men to mere gears in the machine that they control making. An atheism that rejects such a God is very well justified. - Karen Armstrong
22nd It's not like in the Bible that God created man in His own image. On the contrary, man created God in his image. - Ludwig Feuerbach
23rd People ask me what I think about these women-priest's history. What a woman as a priest? Women priests. Ganz toll, jetzt gibt es Priester beider Geschlechter, denen ich nicht zuhöre. – Bill Hicks
24. Alle biblischen Wunder werden letztlich mit dem Fortschritt der Wissenschaft verschwinden. – Matthew Arnold
25. Blinder Glaube ist ein ziemlich Ironisches Geschenk für den Schöpfer menschlicher Intelligenz. – Anonym
26. Sei dankbar, dass du ein Leben hast und verabschiede dich von deinem eingebildetem und anmaßendem Willen nach einem zweiten. – Richard Dawkins
27. Was ohne 
Beweis behauptet werden kann, kann auch ohne Beweis abgelehnt werden. – Christopher Hitchens
28. Im Christentum kommen weder Morals or religion at any point in contact with reality. - Friedrich Nietzsche
29th Women will still be very proud to have never contributed a single line to the Bible. - George W. Foote
30th On the first day God created man. - Anonymous
31st I note that we are both atheists. I believe only in a god less than you, if you understand why you reject all other gods, you will understand why I reject your God. - Stephen Roberts
32nd You do not the Bible to justify love. But so far, no better remedy invented to hatred - Richard A. Weatherwax
33rd Who is God? Well, you know, if you want something really quite doll and close your eyes and it you want? God is the guy who ignores you. - Steve Buscemi (From the film "The Island")
34th As far as I can say that after studying the scriptures it is pretty much what you do in heaven sitting all day in the area around and praise the Lord. I do not know about you, but I think after the, oh, I do not know, 50,000,000 years would I think I a bit boring. - Rick Reynolds
35th Give a man a fish and he has food for a day. Bring a man to fish and he has the food for the rest of his life. Give a man a religion and he will starve to death praying for fish. - Anonymous
36th to call atheism a religion is about the same as if you were "bald" call a hair color. - Don Hirschberg
37th God should be executed for crimes against humanity. - Bryan Emmanuel Gutierrez
38th To say that atheism requires faith is so hollow as saying that disbelief in fairies and goblins would require faith. Even if Einstein himself would tell me that an elf sitting on my shoulder, I would still ask for proof and I would have every right to do so. - Geoff Mather
39th I am not afraid of death. I was responsible for billions and billions of years died before I was born and I had not suffered the slightest inconvenience. - Mark Twain
40th Of all religions, but Christianity is the one that should inspire the most tolerance. However, Christians have been identified as the most intolerant of all men out. - Voltaire
41st And if there was a God, I think it would be very unlikely that he would have such an uneasy vanity to be offended about the fact that some do not believe in him. - Bertrand Russell
42nd God wants to prevent evil but can not? Then he is not omnipotent. Can he, will he not? Then he is malevolent. Is he both willing and able? Whence then comes evil? Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him God? - Epicurus
43rd I am a Polyatheist - There are many gods, and I do not think so. - Dan Fouts
44th If it turns out that there is a God, I do not think he is evil. But what one can certainly say about him is that he remains much below expectations. - Woody Allen
45th A lie is a lie although all believe in it. The truth is the truth even if nobody believes it. - David Stevens
46th Men do it rarely, if ever, to think of a God who is superior to them himself. Most gods have the manners and moral ideas of a spoiled child. - Robert Heinlein A
47th 'I refuse to prove that I exist! " God says, 'because evidence was unnecessary faith and without faith I am nothing! " - Douglas Adams
48th It's not the parts of the Bible, which I do not understand that annoy me, they are the parts of the Bible, which I understand. - Mark Twain
49th The one who does not think, is a narrow-minded, who, thinking that can not is a fool, he who dares not is a reflection Skalve. - William Drummond
50th Remember, Jesus would rather embarrass the gay days, as orphans give a home. - Steven Colbert
51st What is man? One of God's blunders or one of his threats? - Friedrich Nietzsche
52nd Religion is very effective in three areas: separate people, people control and deceive people. - Carle Spie Mary Alice McKinney
53rd Religion is the human mankind through the various stages Existence of more suffering and misery inflicted than any other single idea. - Anonymous
54th If a man freed from religion, so get his chances to lead healthy and fulfilling life. - Sigmund Freud
55th They thought that science could have a corrosive effect on religious faith and were worried about it. Damn it, I think they were right! Science corrode religious belief and that's a good thing! - Steven Weinberg
56th Taking the Church of the supernatural that the incomprehensible, the unreasonable, the impossible, the unknowable and the absurd, so there is nothing left but a vacuum. - Robert G. Ingersoll
57th History teaches us that nothing has brought more war, death and suffering than the word of God. - Giulian Buzila
58th Atheism is a non-prophet making organization. - George Carlin
59th We are all atheists when it comes to the lion's share of all gods, was believed in the ever. Some of us go further containing only one God. - Richard Dawkins
60th A creditor claims forgets everything must have a Creator, yet to mention who created him. - Anonymous
61st The statement that there are no atheists in the trenches gäbe ist kein Argument gegen den Atheismus, es ist ein Argument gegen Schützengräben. – James Morrow
62. Die Leute sagen oft 'Aber sicherlich ist es besser, agnostisch zu bleiben, für den Fall der Fälle?'. Meiner Meinung nach zeugt das derart von Dummheit und Verwirrung, dass ich mich in der Regel schnell aus dem Gespräch verabschiede anstatt mich einzumischen. (Wenn sich herausstellen sollte, dass ich die ganze Zeit falsch lag und es wirklich einen Gott gibt, und wenn er außerdem durch derartige legalistische Finger-hinter-dem-Rücken-verkreuzen Haarspaltereien beeindruckt werden würde, würde ich mich wahrscheinlich sowieso dagegen entscheiden, ihn zu huldigen.) – Douglas Adams
63rd If only they were properly read, the Bible is the strongest force for atheism in general. - Isaac Asimov
64th disappear if all Christians would have ever known other Christians as "not real Christians," there would be no more Christians. - Anonymous
65th An atheist is a person who has no invisible means of support. - John Buchan
66th Gods do not kill people. People with Gods kill people. - David Viaene
67th If God were suddenly condemned to live the life that he made your humanity, he would himself . Kill - Alexandre Dumas
68th Atheism is nothing more than the noises reasonable people make in the presence of religious dogma. - Sam Harris
69th I do not believe in God because I do not even think to Ms. Holle. - Clarence Darrow
70th No philosophy, no religion has ever done such a good news as this good news of atheism. - Annie Wood Besant
71st I refuse to believe in a God who is the primary cause of all conflicts on earth, racism, sexism, homophobia and ignorance preaches and then sends me to hell when I say "bad" bin. - Mike Fuhrman
72nd Faith gives you no answers, he cares only that you ask no more questions. - Frater Ravus
73rd The belief that there is no God gives me more room for my belief in family, people, love, truth, beauty, jelly and all the other things you can prove myself and make my life the best life that I ever will. - Penn Jillette
74th Absolute faith corrupts just as absolute power but absolute power is corrupt only in the hands of the absolutely faithful. - Anonymous
75th Gods are very fragile things. You can add a spark of science or a pinch of healthy Menschenverstandes zerstört werden. – Chapman Cohen
76. Die Inspiration der Bibel hängt direkt von der Engstirnigkeit des Lesers ab. – Robert G. Ingersoll
77. Leidet eine Person von einer Wahnvorstellung nennt man das Wahnsinn. Leiden viele Personen an einer Wahnvorstellung nennt man das Religion. – Robert Pirsig
78. Ich frage mich, wer den Scheißjob bekommen hat, den Planeten nach den 15000 Sorten von Schmetterlingen und 8800 Sorten von Ameisen zu durchsuchen, die sie dann letztlich an Bord von Noahs Arche genommen haben. Aber wenigstens haben wir diesen magischen Regenbogen für ihre Bemühungen bekommen. – Azura Skye
79. Ich brauche keine Religion, I have a conscience. - Anonymous
80th Man has always needed an explanation for the things he did not understand. And just when none was available, he created one. - Jim Crawford
81st I was always against religion because it requires us to be satisfied to understand the world properly. - Richard Dawkins
82nd What were the fruits of Christianity? Superstition, bigotry and persecution. - James Madison
83rd The characters and events that are depicted in the damn bible are fictitious. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, is entirely coincidental. - Penn and Teller
84th If God is the Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end knows what happened and what is to come, as it says in the Bible, why people still pray and believe that to be able to make a difference? - Mark Fairclough
85th The finality of death is the coldest truth, we must confront. Religion is the perfect distraction. - Anonymous
86th Religion is the opium of the people. - Karl Marx
87th If God created the world, who created God? And who created him that God has created? Somewhere in this line must have been something already there. Why can we will not skip the idea of \u200b\u200ba God and get right to the ground? - Ryan Hanson
88th If we assume that God only belongs to a religion and thus excluding all others, should be understood to perdition as a random fact. That should give thinking Christians, if they declare their religious faith, it does not. - Sam Harris
89th Atheists celebrate life while you're sitting in the church and celebrate death. - Anonymous
90th Animals have no gods, but they are too smart. - Ronnie Snow
91st I see that the world less marked by ignorance suffers from a vorgespieltem knowledge. It is not skeptics or explorers but threaten fanatics and ideologues, the decency and progress. No agnostic ever burned anyone at the stake, or has a heathen, heretics or infidels tortured. - Daniel Boorstin
92nd I never seen the slightest scientific proof of the religious principles of heaven and hell, of future life for individuals, or by a personal God. As for today's religion of today, it is a damn fake. Religion is just crap. - Thomas Edison
93rd Fundamentalism of any kind could be probably because of his basic condition be the absence of any intelligent thought, the worst of all weapons of mass destruction. - David J. Constable
94th To be truly free, one must have a free spirit. - Alexander Loutsis
95th Most religions prophecy the end of the world and then work together constantly in mind that these prophecies come true. - Anonymous
96th Jesus was probably brought hardly the greatest sacrifice. He knew that he would rise anyway. - Anonymous
97th Religion is like a virus that changes the behavior of its host so that it can spread further. - Jack Pritchard
98th Religions such as pills, which must be swallowed whole without chewing. - Anonymous
99th The religion of today is the mythology of tomorrow. Once deemed by many to be true but refuted by the clever. - Steven Crocker
100th The Bible - A Fairytale book of rules brainwashing. Obviously this has helped to ignite war, kill, hate, condemn and discriminate against them. - Anonymous
one hundred and first Is it not enough to see that a garden is beautiful to believe that without it there is also fairies and elves? - Douglas
Tuesday, June 8, 2010
Make Me A Wolf With A Spell For Free
Zurich University of Arts Master of Arts in Art Education depression publish & teach HS-09-10
Bergtod
overview
Bergtod
overview
My master's thesis deals with the cultural history of death in mountaineering. The goal of this work is a book aimed at a target audience that is interested in history and local history questions. It consists of six chapters and an extensive complementary Illustrations. This master thesis contains the first chapter of which the investigation of a real avalanche at three levels: my own memory as a savior, working up the press reports and court decisions of that time, and an interview with affected 26 years later.
The book will appear in a publishing house that has historical and literary publications with a substantial part of the picture experience. I imagine the Berne AS before publishing.
The relevance of the topic is given in view of the many mountain accidents with a correspondingly extensive media coverage. In the course of this work, I have found that the risk awareness in the mountain but is very present. But this awareness does not lead to a decision to abandon ever increasing difficulty. The flow reached often experience when climbing for climbers outweighs the risk of dying. My personal approach results from a decade-long mountaineering activity as SAC tour leader and personal experience in the recovery of accident victims, as well as extensive material I have found in the archives of alpine clubs and libraries. Accidents are mostly as expected, inevitable and self-inflicted noted. Mountaineering as Feizeitbeschäftigung or as a profession (mountain guide, mountaineer) is not by accident called into question. The design of the grave is at times very die Thematik des Bergtodes ein. Neben dem Schmerz und dem Hinweis auf den Verlust drücken die Formulierungen auf Todesanzeigen und Grabsteinen oft ein Verständnis für das Schicksal der Verunfallten aus. Das Bergsteigen als Solches wird kaum in Frage gestellt.
Der Fokus der Arbeit liegt auf dem Tod von Alpinisten in den Bergen. Mit der Vermeidung und dem Suchen nach dem Tod, verbunden mit einer hohen Risikobereitschaft. Und damit, was geschieht, wenn er eintritt. Ich zeige, was Menschen, die von alpinen Todesfällen betroffen waren, darüber zu sagen haben, wie sie ihrer Toten gedenken und wie diese Todesfälle ihr Leben verändert haben. Damit werden die Prinzipien des Lebens und Sterbens in den Bergen einander gegenüber gestellt. I let this hobby and mountaineer, mountain guide, mountain hut attendants, emergency workers, survivors and survivors to speak.
in Europe's mountain regions, who live for two hundred years into a significant source of tourism, has at this time a special way of dealing with the death of climbers, locals and visitors developed. I have on my research, tombs and shrines (stealing or small altars are erected in memory of accident victims) are found, the evidence of a distinct iconography of alpine death. In addition to these manifestations of the conflict with the Alpine's death, my research deals with court decisions, traditional stories, pictorial representations and literary reflection.
question
• Why do people in their leisure time at the mountain sports such a high risk in buying?
• How has the perception and representation of death developed in the story?
• What is the self-awareness in dealing with the risk? • How
process climbers and their families deaths?
• What rituals dealing with death in the alpine environment known?
• What are the usual rituals of death rituals? • How
commented mountain accidents in the media?
• How does the question of guilt in court?
method
• Interviews with average and extreme mountaineers, accident survivors, survivors, Alpine Club leaders, pastors, rescue people. Survey concerning external and self-reflection, discuss the consequences as a result of accidents.
• Documentation of court judgments in mountain accidents.
• Analysis of a case study on all levels, stakeholders, media and court. (Chapter 1 of the book)
• Photographic documentation of accident sites and graves of climbers in Switzerland, Austria and France. Pictures of many mountain tours and hikes in recent decades.
• Symbol analysis of the iconography of climbers grave stones.
The master thesis is divided into three parts:
• An accompanying theoretical work that illuminates under the title "Passion between Eros and Thanatos," the discursive background of my research and my writing. I oriented myself to both social science approaches to the topic, as well as literary and psychological confrontation with death.
• A list of literature that has been the focus of my research. They are given texts from sociology, psychology, historical research and literature that provide insight into the backgrounds of mountain climbing, but also consider the context in which the death is alpine.
• The fragment of the targeted book "Bergtod" in six chapters. (See Table of Contents) The book contains text and images that I've written in the context of field research and photographs. In it are legends, documentaries, interviews, case studies, a meditation and a pictorial record of accidents and memorial sites.
concept of the book
It is divided into 6 chapters, each illustrated with color photos are.
Chapter 1 shows the reality of death mountain in its scope for the families and those involved in the rescue and recovery. It will stir up and end on the final reconciliation.
The first chapter is the master's thesis before.
Chapter 2, the pensive story of a walk, a meditation and search for clues.
Chapter 3 shows the visual setting apart with the reality of death mountain. The inscriptions on grave stones will surprise the reader.
Chapter 4 shows that the Bergtod is in some cases by the victims not so much avoided. In two stories I'll look into the question whether it not rather the death was being sought as the joy of the mountains.
Chapter 5 shows the daily work of the rescuers and to highlight the problem of view that people in hundreds of professional mountain rescue in their lives from serious injuries and deaths have. I show how the suffering these people meet and how they think about themselves in mountaineering.
Chapter 6 sense and sarcasm. The mountaineer and medical Oswald Oelz has promised an interview, I will then focus on where to meet in mountaineering Sigmund Freud's basic principles of Eros and Thanatos. I reflect that the accompanying theoretical work in a conversation with a witty, sharp-tongued and very sensitive people.
The book is aimed at a historical, local history and alpinistically interested audience, who willingly deals with philosophical questions about the background of mountain climbing.
The book will appear as medium-sized four-color printing in landscape mode. As a publisher
AS is the ideal publisher because he brings out books related to culture and mountaineering.
self-reflection
the beginning of the search topics I thought of a philosophical and social analysis essays in art discourse. I imagined at that time a text entitled "The Temptation of the Beautiful" before. In contemporary art understanding of the concept of beauty in the discourse of experts has become irrelevant, on the other hand, the lay discourse asks in relation to art is still on the beauty of the work. I wanted to show the balancing act between the two Kunstverständnisse.
Later, but still circled in a relatively early stage of decision about my ideas, mein persönliches Lebensthema vom Tod in den Bergen zum Thema der Masterthesis zu machen. Ich wurde als Alpinist mehrmals direkt damit konfrontiert und habe einige Situationen selber nur knapp überlebt. Die persönliche Relevanz war also gegeben. Da ich der Meinung bin, dass eine gesellschaftliche Relevanz durch die grosse Medienpräsenz des Themas „Tod in den Bergen“ gegeben ist, fing ich schon im Frühjahr 09 mit der Recherche an.
In einer ersten Phase meiner Arbeit begab ich mich in das Feld des Alpinismus, von dem ich mich vor Jahren zurückgezogen hatte. Das heisst, ich stieg auf Berge, besuchte Unfallorte, Grabstätten und sprach mit Leuten, die mich im Thema weiterbringen konnten. Ich erneuerte alte Kontakte zu Bergsteigerfreunden and read me in the field-related literature.
so quickly was a large collection of topic-related material, from obituaries to sermons to personal statements in interviews. Hundreds of photos of graves and memorials climbers complete the collection. The writing down of thoughts and transcribing interviews, I find it relatively easy thanks to an ample experience. The focus on issues that are in the background of the field research, to cross-cutting themes of the discourse that is more difficult because I did not always easy to find answers that are interested but any climber, but do not take on this underlying issue relating to omit or demand a raise.
the value and position of the Accompanying theory work I've long underestimated, as the effort it took to write it. I have never written a similar work and was procuring materials and the mapping and compression required very occasionally. Colloquium clearly helpful if it would be more work, and ways of working would develop - As in the preparation of the master's thesis would be. Ultimately, it is a very good experience because I purchased new techniques and skills.
My thanks go to:
my family that I actively during the entire study support has
the teachers ZHdK
my mentor Ruedi Widmer
my student colleagues
Erika and Raimund Stein
Corinna Steinhoff
Oswald Oelz
and many unnamed climber friends
Some of the iconography and an article on the tomb design for climbers will issue 12 / 09 in the journal "eternity, the VDT magazine published.
Malm Occasional Table Ikea
accompanying theoretical work
In a society that is increasingly insured against any risk, it seems nonsensical that are taken straight into the spare time high risks. Nevertheless, enjoy dangerous sports such as hang gliding, bungee jumping, river rafting, base jumping and more popular. This trend sports achieve, not least because of the frequent fatal accidents, a large media presence. As the oldest sports in the Alps takes the classic mountaineering, in which the goal is to climb a mountain summit, while a special role, because the new forms of alpine sports are reinterpretations of the classic mountain climb in most cases. In the good two hundred years since the first ascents in den Alpen haben sich spezifische Rituale und eine reichhaltige alpine Literatur entwickelt.
Diese Arbeit geht anhand wissenschaftlicher und literarischer Texte der Frage nach, wie insbesondere beim Alpinismus, die Lust am Leben und die lustvolle, sportliche Betätigung in der Nähe des möglichen Todes zusammenhängen. Ich beginne mit Elias Canettis ablehnendem Blick auf den Tod, betrachte, was Sigmund Freud gegen Ende seines Lebens über den Tod gesagt hat, beobachte die Sicht von Bergsteigern und wende zuletzt den Blick zurück in die Literatur, um zu erfahren, was Imre Kertész zum Verhältnis von Eros und Thanatos zu sagen hat.
Elias Canetti schöpft die Kraft für sein Werk zu einem grossen Teil aus dem Widerstand gegen den Tod. Canetti hat ein Leben lang seine Gedanken zum Tod zusammengetragen. Seine Erben haben sie 2003 in einem Bändchen herausgegeben. Canetti wehrt sich nicht gegen die Tatsache des Todes, sondern er hasst ihn aus tiefstem Herzen als den Feind des Menschen. Canetti transformiert seine Verzweiflung über den Tod in die Hoffnung, dass die Menschen, die er in seinen Texten beschreibt, so lange immer wieder auferstehen, wie jemand ihre Geschichten liesst.
Eine viel pragmatischere Stellung gegenüber dem Tod nimmt Sigmund Freud ein. Für ihn als Psychoanalytiker ist der Tod unverbrüchlicher Teil des Lebens. Er siedelt in „Das Unbehagen in der Kultur“ in der Nähe des lebensschöpfenden Triebes Eros den Todestrieb, Thanatos an. Obwohl er diese Idee in seiner Forschungsarbeit anfänglich mehrere Male verwirft, gelangt er zur inneren Überzeugung, dass es keine andere Möglichkeit geben könne, als die, dass Eros und Thanatos systemisch zusammengehören. Freud vermutet, dass zwischen den beiden anscheinend so unterschiedlichen Trieben eine untrennbare Verbindung besteht, und dass beide immer nur in der Beziehung zum andern bestehen können, sie sich also gegenseitig bedingen. Während Freud den Eros als das Prinzip des Zusammenfügens zu immer komplexeren Systemen versteht, bezeichnet er Thanatos als das Prinzip der Dekonstruktion, als die Rückführung des Lebens in seine anorganische Vorstufe.
In „Geschichte des Todes“ bestätigt Philippe Ariès die Nähe von Eros und Thanatos. Anderseits zeigt er einen eindrücklichen Aspekt auf, in der Veränderung der Sterbegewohnheiten in der westlichen Welt: Die Totenkulte werden laut Ariès in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts zunehmend bescheidener. Die Trauer nimmt einen immer privateren Charakter an. Ariès bezieht sich auf den englischen Anthropologen Geoffrey Gorer 1905–1985 der feststellte: „....dass im 20. Jahrhundert die Trauer so tabuisiert wird, wie ein Jahrhundert davor die Sexualität.“ Mit Blick auf diese Unterdrückung der Wahrnehmung des Todes in der Öffentlichkeit ist auffallend, dass dem Tod, der unter den Augen der Öffentlichkeit stattfindet, ein zunehmendes Interest is not placed. Disaster movies, murder and mayhem fill movie theaters and television programs. During the 30 years since the 20th Century an increasing tendency to the hidden death can be observed in the hospital, to a secret and the public was therefore withdrawn from dying, and death, and especially the dying almost entirely banished from the public space, the curiosity of the audience is like most public death in the mountains the gruesome pleasure in looking at a medieval hell representation. The observability was in the 20th Century mountaineering, the well visible in some routes to a modern dance of death. I refer to the Austrian mountaineer and author Heinrich Harrer. He describes in the book about the Eiger North Face, "The White Spider" as in front of the telescopes on the Kleine Scheidegg every time the rope teams ventured into the wall, gathered dense clusters of people, and the unsuccessful in the early mountaineers during their binoculars death . watching Before the first successful ascent of eight climbers died before the eyes of a curious live audience and the journalists of the world press. Even the dead to rescue his two years in 1959 on the wall hanging Stefano Longhi was suitable as an attraction to attract droves of people with good visibility. Just what laid in this time of the private rooms in hospitals and medicalized was excited greatest interest of the people when it presented itself as a spectacle in the Alps. Rainer Rettig is in the book "Eiger, tragedies and triumphs" to the extent that it in detailed imagery, the shattered bodies of those shows that have crashed on the Eiger. While the crowd of onlookers waiting in front of them someone falls from the wall and after several hundred meters, where he will be smashed on striking the rock, most recently as a bloody lump of bone, flesh and pieces of cloth under the wall in the rubble dead or dying hits, it satisfies a voyeuristic desire for sensation and horror, this crash is the view of many experts the falling a thoroughly enjoyable experience. The German mountaineer and security expert Pit Schubert cited in his book "Safety and Risk in ice and rock," the Swiss geologists and Alpenerforscher Albert following way home: "The crashing not experience such fear of death or other terrible sensations, no distress or pain. While recognizing the crashes very soon that this fall will probably end in death, but he perceives this as part of a very pleasant feeling and a tremendous composure .... The awareness goes painless, shortly after the moment of breaking, the most, heard, but never felt more painful. "Heim says In his text, hear the crashes in the time of the fall occurring extended him a hundred times, beautiful music and experience true happiness. The same text is also cited in an article in Der Spiegel 41/1978. Home referring to his own crash experiences and statements from third parties. If we are to believe these statements, we can describe the moment of the fatal crash the same time as orgiastic climax of mountaineering, the ultimate objective unconsciously every mountaineer. It would the deadly collapse of the place where Eros and Thanatos combine pleasurable. Today, the Internet platform, the possibility of such accidents at home in the living room to witness youtube. Despite Albert Home insurance, that the crash of the falling only joy and readiness to take any pain, fear, and overcoming a constant theme in mountaineering. To write Philipp Felsch, Beat Gugger, Gabriele Rath in the preface to "Mountains, incomprehensible passion" that the major experiences of the mountaineer fear as an integral part of the physiological state of emergency (> Flow) is one in which one comes in mountaineering. Accidental death and claim their place in the horizon of meaning of mountain climbers. Connects so the determination of near-death soldiers and mountaineers and it is no surprise that mountaineering expeditions in the early military conquests sieges and matched, just were not conquered countries, but mountain peaks. In the same book Paul Veyne describes in an article that the French Alpine Club in 1874 after the German lost - was founded Prussian War of 1871 explicitly to prepare for the rematch against Germany. This is the military significance of mountaineering stressed and it also explains why military expeditions were organized in the Himalayas for a long time. High-ranking officers were used for this particular organization and also, who, when a chance of a "summit" was given. The Nazis stylized the dead of the two summit attempts in 1934 and 1938 on Nanga Parbat as a symbol of German heroism and sacrifice and put them at a constant ideological terminology in addition to those killed at Stalingrad. Nanga Parbat is still regarded as a German of Mount Doom.
A young mountaineer Reinhold Messner to generation, with a new democratic consciousness, defined for itself in the 70s of last century, the Alpine style. Instead of the mountains with the aid of high-makers to install miles of fixed ropes, they climbed high mountains in a small group of equal climbers. But the increased presence of women in the hardest routes should the "demilitarization" of mountain climbing have helped. Women rose at all times of the mountains and made it significantly, but the gender issue heated up in the early days of mountaineering's minds, and the men were unsure whether the female intrusion into their domain. Although Lucy Walker for six years after the first climb was the first woman on the Matterhorn, it was not enough to secure the fundamental recognition of women among mountain climbers. The inclusion in the SAC, they were restrained from 1907 to 1979. The first mountain guide in Switzerland, Nicole Niquille initially had a difficult time in her career and had a long time for recognition by their male colleagues wrestle. Since women make up in the huts only about a quarter of the nights, they appear less frequently than men in the accident statistics. After the SAC receives and women since 1978, they have integrated into the SAC club life and belong to the extent that they are not specifically mentioned in many statistics.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi describes the general flow, and rock climbing in particular, as a "positive addiction", the balance between demand and capacity. In experiments showed that people who give up their daily dose of luck, had to respond with withdrawal symptoms. The German sociologist Stefan Kaufmann describes in his article "Technology on the Mountain" Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's definition climbing as Deep Play. That means an activity that intrinsically motivated, and characterized by self-realization is and enables deep sense experiences. Another word for this is sensation seeking. I refer this to the work "flow experience in reading, an EEG experiment."
merchant and non-differentiated Extreme Extreme mountaineering by knowingly accepting the risk of death at the extremes. "For the extremes converts the near-death to life elixir. Kaufmann continues that the climbing would lose one of its reasons for existence, if one were to introduce the absolute certainty that this would be welcomed as driving a car, for example, almost all men. Since mountains are climbed, there is debate about which is the right way to do this. The Who Danger of death, with long rows of bolts defused in crack-free rock has been criticized in many circles, climbing to the allegation of unethical climbing. Who are the mortal danger that is not in your portfolio, throughout the scene as unethical. "By fair means" is the associated keyword.
The passion of the climber can be seen as a true passion. As a suffering that is being fought by the mountain climbing. This is how John Harlin Jr. in the book to overcome "the wall of the walls" as forty years after his father died in an accident on the Eiger north face, his life trauma of father loss by himself at the age of 49 years rising through the wall. He describes it in exactly that Stelle, wo sein Vater infolge eines durchgescheuerten Fixseiles abgestürzt war, erstmals für den Vater gar keine Gefühle mehr hatte. Jetzt war es seine Wand und mit jedem Schritt, den er weiter ging, machte er sich die Wand mehr zu eigen.
Im Bergsteigen kommt der Mensch sich selbst und seinen Gefühlen sehr nahe. Die Auseinandersetzung mit der Gefahr führt, wie vielfach versichert wird, zu grössten Glücksgefühlen. Todesgefahr kann aber nicht nur bei einigen Bergverrückten zu Glücksgefühlen führen. Der ungarische Literaturnobelpreisträger Imre Kertesz ist als einer der letzten Auschwitzüberlebenden sozusagen ein Experte des Überlebens. Er erwähnt im Alter von 80 Jahren in einem Interview (im TA Magazine Nov. 09) that it was in Auschwitz, where quite happy moments when the absolute near-death has been felt. "I am the most radical moments of happiness felt in the concentration camps. One can not imagine what it means to take a ten-minute break at work. to stand very close to death, is also a form of happiness. "
Bergtod
Climbing
passion between Eros and Thanatos
Climbing
passion between Eros and Thanatos
In a society that is increasingly insured against any risk, it seems nonsensical that are taken straight into the spare time high risks. Nevertheless, enjoy dangerous sports such as hang gliding, bungee jumping, river rafting, base jumping and more popular. This trend sports achieve, not least because of the frequent fatal accidents, a large media presence. As the oldest sports in the Alps takes the classic mountaineering, in which the goal is to climb a mountain summit, while a special role, because the new forms of alpine sports are reinterpretations of the classic mountain climb in most cases. In the good two hundred years since the first ascents in den Alpen haben sich spezifische Rituale und eine reichhaltige alpine Literatur entwickelt.
Diese Arbeit geht anhand wissenschaftlicher und literarischer Texte der Frage nach, wie insbesondere beim Alpinismus, die Lust am Leben und die lustvolle, sportliche Betätigung in der Nähe des möglichen Todes zusammenhängen. Ich beginne mit Elias Canettis ablehnendem Blick auf den Tod, betrachte, was Sigmund Freud gegen Ende seines Lebens über den Tod gesagt hat, beobachte die Sicht von Bergsteigern und wende zuletzt den Blick zurück in die Literatur, um zu erfahren, was Imre Kertész zum Verhältnis von Eros und Thanatos zu sagen hat.
Elias Canetti schöpft die Kraft für sein Werk zu einem grossen Teil aus dem Widerstand gegen den Tod. Canetti hat ein Leben lang seine Gedanken zum Tod zusammengetragen. Seine Erben haben sie 2003 in einem Bändchen herausgegeben. Canetti wehrt sich nicht gegen die Tatsache des Todes, sondern er hasst ihn aus tiefstem Herzen als den Feind des Menschen. Canetti transformiert seine Verzweiflung über den Tod in die Hoffnung, dass die Menschen, die er in seinen Texten beschreibt, so lange immer wieder auferstehen, wie jemand ihre Geschichten liesst.
Eine viel pragmatischere Stellung gegenüber dem Tod nimmt Sigmund Freud ein. Für ihn als Psychoanalytiker ist der Tod unverbrüchlicher Teil des Lebens. Er siedelt in „Das Unbehagen in der Kultur“ in der Nähe des lebensschöpfenden Triebes Eros den Todestrieb, Thanatos an. Obwohl er diese Idee in seiner Forschungsarbeit anfänglich mehrere Male verwirft, gelangt er zur inneren Überzeugung, dass es keine andere Möglichkeit geben könne, als die, dass Eros und Thanatos systemisch zusammengehören. Freud vermutet, dass zwischen den beiden anscheinend so unterschiedlichen Trieben eine untrennbare Verbindung besteht, und dass beide immer nur in der Beziehung zum andern bestehen können, sie sich also gegenseitig bedingen. Während Freud den Eros als das Prinzip des Zusammenfügens zu immer komplexeren Systemen versteht, bezeichnet er Thanatos als das Prinzip der Dekonstruktion, als die Rückführung des Lebens in seine anorganische Vorstufe.
In „Geschichte des Todes“ bestätigt Philippe Ariès die Nähe von Eros und Thanatos. Anderseits zeigt er einen eindrücklichen Aspekt auf, in der Veränderung der Sterbegewohnheiten in der westlichen Welt: Die Totenkulte werden laut Ariès in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts zunehmend bescheidener. Die Trauer nimmt einen immer privateren Charakter an. Ariès bezieht sich auf den englischen Anthropologen Geoffrey Gorer 1905–1985 der feststellte: „....dass im 20. Jahrhundert die Trauer so tabuisiert wird, wie ein Jahrhundert davor die Sexualität.“ Mit Blick auf diese Unterdrückung der Wahrnehmung des Todes in der Öffentlichkeit ist auffallend, dass dem Tod, der unter den Augen der Öffentlichkeit stattfindet, ein zunehmendes Interest is not placed. Disaster movies, murder and mayhem fill movie theaters and television programs. During the 30 years since the 20th Century an increasing tendency to the hidden death can be observed in the hospital, to a secret and the public was therefore withdrawn from dying, and death, and especially the dying almost entirely banished from the public space, the curiosity of the audience is like most public death in the mountains the gruesome pleasure in looking at a medieval hell representation. The observability was in the 20th Century mountaineering, the well visible in some routes to a modern dance of death. I refer to the Austrian mountaineer and author Heinrich Harrer. He describes in the book about the Eiger North Face, "The White Spider" as in front of the telescopes on the Kleine Scheidegg every time the rope teams ventured into the wall, gathered dense clusters of people, and the unsuccessful in the early mountaineers during their binoculars death . watching Before the first successful ascent of eight climbers died before the eyes of a curious live audience and the journalists of the world press. Even the dead to rescue his two years in 1959 on the wall hanging Stefano Longhi was suitable as an attraction to attract droves of people with good visibility. Just what laid in this time of the private rooms in hospitals and medicalized was excited greatest interest of the people when it presented itself as a spectacle in the Alps. Rainer Rettig is in the book "Eiger, tragedies and triumphs" to the extent that it in detailed imagery, the shattered bodies of those shows that have crashed on the Eiger. While the crowd of onlookers waiting in front of them someone falls from the wall and after several hundred meters, where he will be smashed on striking the rock, most recently as a bloody lump of bone, flesh and pieces of cloth under the wall in the rubble dead or dying hits, it satisfies a voyeuristic desire for sensation and horror, this crash is the view of many experts the falling a thoroughly enjoyable experience. The German mountaineer and security expert Pit Schubert cited in his book "Safety and Risk in ice and rock," the Swiss geologists and Alpenerforscher Albert following way home: "The crashing not experience such fear of death or other terrible sensations, no distress or pain. While recognizing the crashes very soon that this fall will probably end in death, but he perceives this as part of a very pleasant feeling and a tremendous composure .... The awareness goes painless, shortly after the moment of breaking, the most, heard, but never felt more painful. "Heim says In his text, hear the crashes in the time of the fall occurring extended him a hundred times, beautiful music and experience true happiness. The same text is also cited in an article in Der Spiegel 41/1978. Home referring to his own crash experiences and statements from third parties. If we are to believe these statements, we can describe the moment of the fatal crash the same time as orgiastic climax of mountaineering, the ultimate objective unconsciously every mountaineer. It would the deadly collapse of the place where Eros and Thanatos combine pleasurable. Today, the Internet platform, the possibility of such accidents at home in the living room to witness youtube. Despite Albert Home insurance, that the crash of the falling only joy and readiness to take any pain, fear, and overcoming a constant theme in mountaineering. To write Philipp Felsch, Beat Gugger, Gabriele Rath in the preface to "Mountains, incomprehensible passion" that the major experiences of the mountaineer fear as an integral part of the physiological state of emergency (> Flow) is one in which one comes in mountaineering. Accidental death and claim their place in the horizon of meaning of mountain climbers. Connects so the determination of near-death soldiers and mountaineers and it is no surprise that mountaineering expeditions in the early military conquests sieges and matched, just were not conquered countries, but mountain peaks. In the same book Paul Veyne describes in an article that the French Alpine Club in 1874 after the German lost - was founded Prussian War of 1871 explicitly to prepare for the rematch against Germany. This is the military significance of mountaineering stressed and it also explains why military expeditions were organized in the Himalayas for a long time. High-ranking officers were used for this particular organization and also, who, when a chance of a "summit" was given. The Nazis stylized the dead of the two summit attempts in 1934 and 1938 on Nanga Parbat as a symbol of German heroism and sacrifice and put them at a constant ideological terminology in addition to those killed at Stalingrad. Nanga Parbat is still regarded as a German of Mount Doom.
A young mountaineer Reinhold Messner to generation, with a new democratic consciousness, defined for itself in the 70s of last century, the Alpine style. Instead of the mountains with the aid of high-makers to install miles of fixed ropes, they climbed high mountains in a small group of equal climbers. But the increased presence of women in the hardest routes should the "demilitarization" of mountain climbing have helped. Women rose at all times of the mountains and made it significantly, but the gender issue heated up in the early days of mountaineering's minds, and the men were unsure whether the female intrusion into their domain. Although Lucy Walker for six years after the first climb was the first woman on the Matterhorn, it was not enough to secure the fundamental recognition of women among mountain climbers. The inclusion in the SAC, they were restrained from 1907 to 1979. The first mountain guide in Switzerland, Nicole Niquille initially had a difficult time in her career and had a long time for recognition by their male colleagues wrestle. Since women make up in the huts only about a quarter of the nights, they appear less frequently than men in the accident statistics. After the SAC receives and women since 1978, they have integrated into the SAC club life and belong to the extent that they are not specifically mentioned in many statistics.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi describes the general flow, and rock climbing in particular, as a "positive addiction", the balance between demand and capacity. In experiments showed that people who give up their daily dose of luck, had to respond with withdrawal symptoms. The German sociologist Stefan Kaufmann describes in his article "Technology on the Mountain" Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's definition climbing as Deep Play. That means an activity that intrinsically motivated, and characterized by self-realization is and enables deep sense experiences. Another word for this is sensation seeking. I refer this to the work "flow experience in reading, an EEG experiment."
merchant and non-differentiated Extreme Extreme mountaineering by knowingly accepting the risk of death at the extremes. "For the extremes converts the near-death to life elixir. Kaufmann continues that the climbing would lose one of its reasons for existence, if one were to introduce the absolute certainty that this would be welcomed as driving a car, for example, almost all men. Since mountains are climbed, there is debate about which is the right way to do this. The Who Danger of death, with long rows of bolts defused in crack-free rock has been criticized in many circles, climbing to the allegation of unethical climbing. Who are the mortal danger that is not in your portfolio, throughout the scene as unethical. "By fair means" is the associated keyword.
The passion of the climber can be seen as a true passion. As a suffering that is being fought by the mountain climbing. This is how John Harlin Jr. in the book to overcome "the wall of the walls" as forty years after his father died in an accident on the Eiger north face, his life trauma of father loss by himself at the age of 49 years rising through the wall. He describes it in exactly that Stelle, wo sein Vater infolge eines durchgescheuerten Fixseiles abgestürzt war, erstmals für den Vater gar keine Gefühle mehr hatte. Jetzt war es seine Wand und mit jedem Schritt, den er weiter ging, machte er sich die Wand mehr zu eigen.
Im Bergsteigen kommt der Mensch sich selbst und seinen Gefühlen sehr nahe. Die Auseinandersetzung mit der Gefahr führt, wie vielfach versichert wird, zu grössten Glücksgefühlen. Todesgefahr kann aber nicht nur bei einigen Bergverrückten zu Glücksgefühlen führen. Der ungarische Literaturnobelpreisträger Imre Kertesz ist als einer der letzten Auschwitzüberlebenden sozusagen ein Experte des Überlebens. Er erwähnt im Alter von 80 Jahren in einem Interview (im TA Magazine Nov. 09) that it was in Auschwitz, where quite happy moments when the absolute near-death has been felt. "I am the most radical moments of happiness felt in the concentration camps. One can not imagine what it means to take a ten-minute break at work. to stand very close to death, is also a form of happiness. "
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)